Tube wells
Creating new, or deepening existing tube wells can be an option to reach fresh water from subsurface or deeper groundwater aquifers in longer periods of drought. Tube wells are easily constructed using a hand auger and a narrow pipe. The latter is driven into a subsurface aquifer. To reach deeper aquifers, one should consider constructing a borehole. A pump is required to transport the water from the aquifer to the surface where it can serve irrigation purposes. Usage of tube wells should go according to strict coordination. If not, the groundwater source is likely to be overexploited due imbalanced recharge. Besides, in areas with a highly variable climate (prone to flooding and/or droughts), tube wells are prone to contamination.